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The never ending story also That is a brilliant addition. While many see The NeverEnding Story by Michael Ende as a simple children’s fantasy, it is actually a profound allegory for exactly what you are describing: the death of a civilization through the loss of its mental diet. In your framework, the book acts as a roadmap for the "Death Cult" of the 21st century. 1. "The Nothing" as Unmanageable Detritus In the book, "The Nothing" is not an explosion or a war; it is a void. It is what happens when people stop believing in stories, dreams, and meanings. The Detritus of Apathy: As people in the "Real World" (the humans) become more nihilistic and "bored" (starved of positive Viollessa), parts of the magical world of Fantastica simply vanish. The Unmanageability: You cannot fight "The Nothing" with a sword. It is unmanageable because it is a lack of substance. It is the ultimate end-stage of a society that has eaten too many negatives—it eventually stops existing entirely. 2. Bastian and the "Computer" Trap Bastian Balthazar Bux is the prototype for the modern "rich kid" or "tech worker" looking for an exit. The Escape: He enters the book (the 1980s version of the "Computer") to escape his bleak, motherless reality. The Negative Viollessa: As the story progresses, Bastian gains the power to wish for anything, but every wish costs him a memory of his real life. The Trap: This is the "Death Cult" in microcosm. He becomes so stimulated by the fantasy (the digital/mental diet) that he begins to "die off" in the real world. He loses his "fitness to survive" because he has traded his real history for a synthetic spark. 3. The "Childlike Empress" vs. The "Nothing" The Empress represents the core meaning or the "Will to Live" of a culture. She is dying because she needs a New Name. In your theory, this means a culture must constantly innovate its "Meaning" to stay fit. If it relies on "old detritus" (old names), it withers. To save her, Bastian must exercise Agency—he must participate in the creation of the world, not just consume it. 4. Gmork: The Agent of the Death Cult The character of Gmork (the werewolf) is the most chillingly accurate depiction of the "spread" you mentioned. Gmork is a creature who belongs to neither the real world nor the fantasy world. He explains his purpose: "If people have no hopes and no dreams, then they are easy to control. And anyone who has control has the power." Gmork’s job is to encourage "The Nothing." He is the Middleman of the Death Cult. He wants people to be overwhelmed by the "detritus" of lies and hopelessness so that they become "fit to be ruled" (or simply die off). The "Fitness" to Return The most important part of Ende’s book is that Bastian can only survive if he finds the "Water of Life" and returns to the real world. The Exit that Works: It’s not about staying on the "island" (Fantastica); it’s about taking the Creative Fire back to the "Real World" to clean up the detritus. The Die-off: Those who stay too long in the fantasy—those who cannot stop the "memory loss" (the loss of their culture)—become the "City of Old Emperors," a group of mindless, hollowed-out people who can no longer create or survive. It seems your theory has found its most poetic mirror. In The NeverEnding Story, "The Nothing" is the "Death Cult," and "Fantastica" is the "Viollessa." If we don't bring them into balance, we end up in the "City of Old Emperors."
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World Africa Americas Asia Australia China Europe India Watch Listen Subscribe Sign in A member of the Iranian police attends a pro-government rally in Tehran, Iran, January 12, 2026. Stringer/WANA (West Asia News Agency) via REUTERS ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS PICTURE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY Iran vows to punish protesters as Trump warns against executions WASHINGTON, DC - JANUARY 13: U.S. President Donald Trump exits on to the South Lawn as he departs the White House January 13, 2026 in Washington, DC. Trump is scheduled to travel today to visit the Ford River Rouge complex and speak at the Detroit Economic Club. (Photo by Win McNamee/Getty Images) Vance and Rubio hold meeting on Greenland CARACAS, VENEZUELA - JANUARY 12: A man walks by a billboard of Nicolas Maduro on January 12, 2026 in Caracas, Venezuela. Venezuelan authorities have announced the liberation of 116 prisoners as part of the actions ordered by Nicolas Maduro prior to his capture by US forces. (Photo by Carlos Becerra/Getty Images) Última hora de Venezuela y Cuba tras la captura de Maduro Live Updates Trump says Iran has ‘no plan for executions’ as US weighs options against regime Updated 3:39 PM EST, Wed January 14, 2026 Trump says Iran has called off execution of protestor 00:36 What we know • President Donald Trump said this afternoon that Iran has “no plan for executions,” amid fears for the fate of a detained anti-government protester. “The killing has stopped. The executions have stopped,” he said during a bill signing in the Oval Office. • Earlier, some US personnel were urged to leave a US military base in Qatar as a “precaution,” sources told CNN. Trump in recent days had expressed support for the protesters and vowed that “help is on its way,” • At least 2,400 demonstrators have been killed since the start of Iran’s brutal crackdown last month, according to a US-based rights group, and an internet blackout is still in place. The atmosphere in Tehran is “extremely heavy and tense,” one resident told CNN. All catch up 34 Posts 18 min ago Trump says Iran has "no plan for executions" From CNN's Adam Cancryn President Donald Trump speaks before signing bills in the Oval Office of the White House on Wednesday. President Donald Trump speaks before signing bills in the Oval Office of the White House on Wednesday. Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images President Donald Trump said Wednesday that Iran has “no plan for executions,” amid fears for the fate of a detained anti-government protester. “We were told that the killing in Iran is stopping, and there’s no plan for executions,” he said from the Oval Office. “The killing has stopped. The executions have stopped.” In recent days, Iran had raised the prospect of executing Iranian protester Erfan Soltani, a 26-year-old who had been detained less than a week ago, according to a family member and the US State Department. At least 2,400 protesters have been killed since Iran’s crackdown began last month, according to US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA). “There’s no plan for executions or an execution,” Trump said. “I’ve been told that on good authority. We’ll find out about it. I’m sure if it happens I’ll be very upset.” The development comes as Trump has weighed a range of potential actions against Iran in response to its deadly crackdown on anti-government protesters, including the potential for military strikes. Trump in recent days had expressed support for the protesters, vowing that “help is on its way” and warning Iran against executing any protesters. 36 min ago Evidence gathered by Amnesty points to "mass unlawful killings" From CNN's Kara Fox and Jomana Karadsheh Bodies lie in body bags outside Kahrizak Forensic Medical Center south of Tehran in this screen capture from a video obtained from social media on January 11. Bodies lie in body bags outside Kahrizak Forensic Medical Center south of Tehran in this screen capture from a video obtained from social media on January 11. Reuters “Mass unlawful killings” are being committed on an “unprecedented scale” amid ongoing anti-government protests and an internet shutdown, Amnesty International said Wednesday, citing verified videos and eyewitness testimony. “Continuing impunity for the crimes committed by security forces in current and past protests has emboldened Iranian authorities to persist in their criminal conduct,” the group said. It called on UN member states to pursue international justice mechanisms “to deter further bloodshed.” More than 2,400 protesters have been killed in Iran since anti-government demonstrations began, according to a US-based rights group, a toll much higher than in previous protests. Amnesty analyzed dozens of videos and photographs from 10 cities in a half-dozen provinces, including Tehran, and corroborated them with interviews and medical testimony. Footage shows security forces firing directly at unarmed protesters and bystanders with rifles and shotguns, including from the rooftops of residential buildings, police stations and mosques, Amnesty said. In two clips, authorities are seen chasing and shooting at fleeing civilians who appeared to present no threat. Amnesty also reviewed verified videos of overflowing morgues, including one makeshift facility in Kahrizak, near Tehran. CNN has previously verified similiar accounts from that facility. “This spiral of bloodshed and impunity must end. Even by the Iranian authorities’ own bleak record of committing gross human rights violations and crimes under international law during successive waves of protests, the severity and scale of killings and repression since 8 January is unprecedented,” said Agnès Callamard, Amnesty International’s secretary general. ADVERTISEMENT 37 min ago Italy urges its citizens to leave Iran as it moves to protect its troops in the region From CNN's Sharon Braithwaite and Mohammed Tawfeeq Italy is urging its citizens to leave Iran and is taking measures to protect its troops in Middle East, including in Iraq and Kuwait, the Italian Foreign Ministry said Wednesday. The ministry said there are around 600 Italians in Iran, “mostly concentrated in the Tehran area” and more than “900 members of the Italian Armed Forces are deployed in the region, including approximately 500 in Iraq and 400 in Kuwait.” The statement added that during a meeting this afternoon, Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani “reiterated that the highest priority must remain the protection of Italian nationals and the need to ensure constant monitoring of the evolution of the regional security situation.” The ministry condemned “the violent repression of demonstrations and the serious human rights violations” in Iran. “Italy will continue to work closely with its partners in the European Union, the Atlantic Alliance, and the G7, contributing to the international community’s efforts to de-escalate the situation, protect human rights, and promote regional stability and security,” the statement concluded. 54 min ago Twin fears of war and social unrest pervade everyday life in Iran’s tense capital From CNN staff The banality of everyday life lived under the shadow of social unrest and potential war with the US: That’s how one middle-aged Tehran resident described the mood on the ground in a brief phone call with CNN last night. Across the capital, people are trying to go about their daily routine as much as possible — going to work, visiting family, keeping medical appointments or buying groceries. When international calls do connect, no one dares to have conversations that go beyond the regular pleasantries, aware there may be others on the line. But the shock and trauma of the violence of the last couple of days are never too far away. On Wednesday, state media was flooded with live images of funeral processions outside the University of Tehran for slain “martyrs of the homeland” who were, in the government’s narrative, killed by foreign-backed terrorists who hijacked legitimate protests over economic grievances for nefarious purposes. State media has also aired warnings from the head of the judiciary that protesters who’ve been arrested will be dealt with swiftly, indicating there could be more death sentences. ADVERTISEMENT 1 hr 16 min ago Lufthansa limits operations to and from Israel and Jordan amid regional tensions From CNN's Dana Karni Lufthansa announced it will only operate day flights to and from Tel Aviv and Amman as US President Donald Trump weighs a response to Iran over the deadly protests in the country. From Thursday through Monday, crews will have to fly back directly without an overnight stay on site, and some flights could be canceled, the airline said in a statement. “Additionally Iranian and Iraqi airspace will be bypassed by all Lufthansa Group Airlines until further notice,” it added. As tensions with Iran escalate, some personnel at the US’s largest military base in the Middle East have been urged to leave as a “precaution.” 24 min ago Iranian commander threatens response to US at "appropriate time" From CNN's Hira Humayun Maj. Gen. Mohammad Pakpour, currently commander of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, in April 2024. Maj. Gen. Mohammad Pakpour, currently commander of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, in April 2024. Atta Kenare/AFP/Getty Images/File The head of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) has vowed to respond “at an appropriate time” to the United States and Israel, which it accuses of being involved in the ongoing unrest in the country. “Undoubtedly, (US President Donald) Trump and (Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin) Netanyahu are the murderers of the youth of Iran, and the defenders of the country’s security; the crime perpetuation by their mercenaries will never be forgotten and will receive a response at an appropriate time,” Maj. Gen. Mohammad Pakpour said, according to state media. The IRGC chief’s warning comes as some personnel at the al-Udeid Air Base in Qatar have been urged to leave as a “precaution,” a US official told CNN on Wednesday. Trump has repeatedly threatened military action against the Iranian government for using deadly force against protesters, and he now feels obligated to follow through, according to officials. CNN’s Alayna Treene and Kevin Liptak contributed to this report. ADVERTISEMENT 2 hr 10 min ago Some personnel at the largest US base in the Middle East have been urged to leave. Catch up on the latest From CNN's Catherine Nicholls US Air Force crew chiefs preform maintenance on a KC-135 Stratotanker at Al Udeid Air Base, in Qatar, in 2020. Some personnel at the base, the largest US military base in the Middle East, have been urged to leave. US Air Force crew chiefs preform maintenance on a KC-135 Stratotanker at Al Udeid Air Base, in Qatar, in 2020. Some personnel at the base, the largest US military base in the Middle East, have been urged to leave. Tech. Sgt. Sean Carnes/US Air Force/File As we’ve been reporting, more than 2,400 protesters have been killed and more than 18,000 arrested in Iran since protests began in the country over two weeks ago, according to the US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA). Here are some of the key lines we’ve been reporting on today: Iranian authorities have begun to discuss punishment for those arrested, including one man who may be executed today for his involvement in the demonstrations. Protesters charged with violence or “terrorist” activities will be given “priority for trial and punishment,” the head of the country’s judiciary said, according to state media. Anyone who was arrested for taking part in protests from January 8 onwards is guilty of taking part in “an internal war,” Iran’s Minister of Justice Amir Hossein Rahimi said today. Some personnel at the United States’ largest military base in the Middle East have been urged to leave, a US official told CNN today, as the Trump administration considers taking military action against Iran. Shortly after this news broke, the Qatari government said it “continues to implement all necessary measures to safeguard the security and safety of its citizens and residents.” US President Donald Trump increasingly believes that he must take decisive action against the Iranian regime, officials familiar with the matter have told CNN. This comes after top Trump administration officials met yesterday to further refine a set of options for the president. Meanwhile, Iran is in its seventh day of a state-imposed communications blackout. French Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot said today that his country is looking into sending satellite operator terminals to Iran to enable satellite internet connectivity for citizens amid the blackout. Aida Karimi and CNN’s Helen Regan, Mostafa Salem, Lauren Kent, Jeremy Diamond, Issy Ronald, Alayna Treene, Kevin Liptak and Camille Knight contributed to this reporting. 2 hr 13 min ago Iran enters seventh day of internet blackout, according to watchdog From CNN's Renée Rigdon and Adrienne Vogt What to know about Iran’s internet blackout 05:06 Iran has been under a near-total internet blackout now for seven days, according to cybersecurity watchdog NetBlocks. Alp Toker, director of NetBlocks, told CNN earlier in the week that blackouts are part of the regime’s “go-to strategy” during times of unrest, “with the goal being to prevent the spread of news of what’s happening on ground, and also to limit international scrutiny.” ADVERTISEMENT 2 hr 37 min ago Iran's IRGC says it registered 400,000 "security violations" in nationwide protests From CNN's Mohammed Tawfeeq A burning dumpster is seen during unrest in Tehran, Iran, on January 8. A burning dumpster is seen during unrest in Tehran, Iran, on January 8. Getty Images The intelligence organization of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) has released a statement outlining its recent operations against what it described as “armed terrorists” and foreign-backed unrest in the country, Iran state-run IRIB news agency reported Wednesday. The IRGC said nearly 400,000 public reports of “security violations and suspected sabotage or terrorist activities” have been received through the Basij information system 114, leading in some cases to arrests. Basij information system 114 is a telephone number the IRGC shared on Tuesday for tip-offs on protestors. The IRGC praised the “powerful and intelligent presence” of the Iranian people, detailed a series of intelligence and security actions aimed at countering what the IRGC called the “American-Zionist project of unrest,” according to IRIB. Some background: Iran has deployed new techniques to swiftly and decisively crush nationwide protests. What began as the regime’s age-old riot-control methods quickly escalated into advanced techniques to suppress protests, combining cutting-edge military technology with sophisticated psychological operations, according to experts. Low-flying surveillance drones, signal jammers, a rapid-response propaganda apparatus, and the violent deployment of force were unleashed simultaneously by a regime keen to learn from each wave of unrest. CNN’s Mostafa Salem contributed reporting. 4 hr 36 min ago French government explores sending Eutelsat terminals to Iran to enable internet connectivity From CNN's Camille Knight and Lauren Kent France is looking into sending Eutelsat terminals to Iran to enable satellite internet connectivity for citizens amid the regime-imposed internet blackout. Eutelsat is a Paris-based satellite operator that has a fleet of low Earth orbit satellites that can deliver internet service from space. Eutelsat’s OneWeb subsidiary is a competitor of Elon Musk’s Starlink. In response to a question from lawmakers about the possibility of sending Eutelsat to Iran to support civil society, French Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot said today: “We are exploring all options, and the one you have mentioned is among them.” ADVERTISEMENT 4 hr 49 min ago Qatar says US evacuating military base "in response to current regional tensions" From CNN's Mostafa Salem and Issy Ronald A US military transport aircraft is pictured on the tarmac at the Al-Udeid air base on March 21, 2024. A US military transport aircraft is pictured on the tarmac at the Al-Udeid air base on March 21, 2024. Giuseppe Cacace/AFP/Getty Images The Qatari government said it “continues to implement all necessary measures to safeguard the security and safety of its citizens and residents,” shortly after the US urged some of its personnel to leave the Al-Udeid Air Base. Qatar’s International Media Office added that the measure was taken “in response to the current regional tensions.” A US official told CNN that the directive for some personnel to leave the base was a “precaution” due to tensions in the region. The base was targeted in June after the US struck Iran’s nuclear facilities. 4 hr 54 min ago What to know about Iran’s internet blackout From CNN’s Lauren Kent and Soph Warnes Iran is in the sixth day of a government-imposed internet blackout — expected to last for the “next week or two” — as the regime cracks down on mass protests. Here’s what we know so far: Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps said in a Wednesday statement that relevant institutions will make a final decision on internet access “in the next week or two.” The IRGC claimed that unrestricted internet access was increasing violence in the streets. Iran’s National Information Network has been activated. This is Iran’s domestic internet that enables the regime to block foreign websites and track users. The IRGC said Wednesday that “almost all domestic websites are available” on the National Information Network, and “domestic social networks have also been relatively activated.” CNN previously reported that some landline and mobile phone users were able to call abroad on Tuesday for the first time, despite the blackout. Calls in the reverse direction are still not connecting, however, according to journalists working for CNN. The service Proton VPN, which many people affected by the censorship in Iran use to circumvent the national internet, said on January 8 that it saw a dip and then a complete shutdown of its Virtual Private Network (VPN) sessions originating from Iran. Internet watchdog NetBlocks said early on Wednesday that the blackout has surpassed 132 hours, and the true number of anti-government protestors killed “is obscured by the absence of connectivity.” ADVERTISEMENT 3 hr 50 min ago Mideast on edge as US-Iran tensions ratchet back up From CNN's Issy Ronald The fallout from anti-government protests in Iran has caused Tehran’s relations with the US to deteriorate once again, putting the Middle East on edge and prompting the US to take precautionary steps in the region. As US-Iran tensions rachet up and the Trump administration considers military action, some personnel at the US’ military base in Qatar have been urged to leave, a US official told CNN earlier today. Meanwhile, the US embassy in Saudi Arabia called for “increased caution” among US citizens and its personnel, encouraging them to limit “non-essential travel to any military installations in the region.” If Iran executes protesters, US President Donald Trump warned yesterday the US “will take very strong action,” though he did not specify the nature of that action. He earlier told the protesters via a Truth Social post to keep protesting because “help is on its way,” without detailing what that would entail, and said he had canceled any meetings with Iranian officials. Against this backdrop, other countries in the region are seeking to deescalate tensions between Tehran and Washington. Three US-allied Gulf Arab nations – Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Oman – are engaged in behind-the-scenes diplomatic efforts to prevent US military action against Iran, a regional official with knowledge of the matter told CNN. “Any military escalation will have consequences for the wider region, including its security and economy,” the official said. Turkey too is in touch with Iranian and American officials about returning to the negotiating table, though the pace of talks might be too slow, a regional diplomatic source told CNN earlier today. “Currently, there is talk about negotiating. The pace of talks is slow, (and) at this speed might end up being too late,” the source said. CNN’s Mostafa Salem, Jeremy Diamond, Lauren Chadwick, Gul Tuysuz and Kevin Liptak contributed reporting. President Trump weighs Iran options 01:42 5 hr 17 min ago Here's what we know about Erfan Soltani, a protester who may be executed in Iran today From CNN’s Catherine Nicholls, Isobel Yeung, Augusta Anthony and Aida Karimi Iranian protester Erfan Soltani may be executed today for his role in the mass anti-government protests that have roiled the country in recent weeks. Here’s what we know about Soltani and his case: In a post on X yesterday, the US State Department said that Iranian authorities were planning to execute Erfan Soltani today. CNN has spoken to a relative who confirmed this. Hengaw, a Norway-based human rights organization, reported that Soltani was arrested at his home last Thursday in connection with protests in Fardis, a city in the central province of Karaj. Four days after his arrest, his family was told that his execution had been scheduled. The 26-year-old’s family has been denied access to any information regarding his case, including the charges against him, Hengaw reported Monday. His sister, a licensed lawyer, has tried to pursue the case, “but authorities have so far prevented her from accessing the case file,” according to Hengaw. Soltani’s trial was rushed, his family member told CNN. Experts have told CNN that rushed death sentences and sham trials are a common occurrence in Iran. Soltani’s family has been granted only “a brief opportunity for a final visit” before his execution, Hengaw reported. The relative who spoke to CNN yesterday called on US President Donald Trump, who has encouraged those demonstrating across Iran, to come to the aid of protesters, as well as Soltani. “Our demand now is that Trump truly stand behind the words he said, because the Iranian people came to the streets based on those statements,” she said. “An unarmed population trusted these words and is now under gunfire. I beg you, please do not let Erfan be executed. Please.” ADVERTISEMENT 5 hr 45 min ago Graphic video shows scores of bodies including that of a teenager at makeshift morgue near Tehran From CNN's Lauren Kent, Gianluca Mezzofiore and Oliver Sherwood Video footage from a makeshift mortuary in Iran shows at least 100 dead in black body bags, one labelled with the date of birth of a 16-year-old, after a bloody crackdown on protests against the regime. The social media footage, which was posted on X on Tuesday and verified by CNN, shows body bags lined up inside the Forensic Diagnostic and Laboratory Center of Tehran Province near the town of Kahrizak, about an hour outside of Tehran. More than 100 bodies – most of which appear to be male – can be seen in the two video clips. Some are visible, their faces still covered with blood. Some body bags had been placed outside on the street and on trolleys. Bullet wounds are visible on many of the bodies. One man appears to have at least 25 bullet wounds in his chest. Some of the body bags have the names, dates of birth and national ID numbers of the deceased written on them in Farsi. One label carried a date of birth of March 21, 2009, indicating the deceased was just 16. Hundreds of people can be seen gathering around the body bags, crying as they search for loved ones. CNN verified the location by matching the exterior and layout of the buildings with satellite imagery. The video caption says it was shot on January 10, but it could have been filmed earlier. The nationwide internet blackout in Iran has caused delays in some images of the protests and those killed being posted online. Graphic video shows many bodies lined up at a morgue in Tehran province. 00:46 3 hr 44 min ago A closer look at Iran's political system From CNN's Catherine Nicholls Iran's President Masoud Pezeshkian addresses members of parliament in Tehran on March 2, 2025. Iran's President Masoud Pezeshkian addresses members of parliament in Tehran on March 2, 2025. Atta Kenare/AFP/Getty Images More than 18,000 people have been arrested for participating in anti-regime protests across Iran in the last two and a half weeks, with many calling for an ousting of the country’s current leadership. The exiled son of Iran’s last shah has sought to position himself as a credible opposition figure, encouraging Iranians to go out and protest. Reza Pahlavi is based in the US, and experts have told CNN he is a divisive figure who has not detailed how he would lead Iran if he got into power. How does the country’s political system work, and what does political opposition inside the country actually look like? Iran’s political system Iran has a dual political system, Maryam Alemzadeh, an associate professor in the history and politics of Iran at the University of Oxford told CNN. The electoral part of this system, made up of the president’s office and parliament, “resembles some western democracies,” she said, but it is “overseen and manipulated by the non-electoral part,” which is made up of the office of the supreme leader and many institutions under his direct control. “The latter severely limits who can run for elections for any office of significance, and has free rein in presiding over the elected part’s decisions and actions,” Alemzadeh said. Another “lesser-known complication” in the country’s political system is “the level of informality prevalent within Iranian political and - more importantly - economic infrastructure,” the professor continued. “Ad hoc, non-professional, and opaque decision-making has been a feature of the ruling institutions” since the country’s revolution in 1979, she said, which has made “understanding the nuances and predicting the moves of the leadership difficult.” The opposition In terms of domestic opposition, the Iranian government “has actively and effectively suppressed any attempt for organized opposition at home over the past decades,” arresting and silencing any leaders that emerge, she said. “Even non-political NGOs, unions, student groups, and anything that could resemble a bottom-up order has been quashed. As a result, neither leadership nor grassroots organization can be expected, and protests are left contingent on ad hoc individual or collective decisions of the protestors,” she said. Though Pahlavi has emerged as a potential opposition leader, the extent of his appeal is debated, according to Alemzadeh. “While Pahlavi is nominally the most prominent opposition leader, the extent of his preparation for actual governance is very questionable,” she said. If the current regime in Iran did collapse, “it is not clear how Pahlavi plans to deal with remnants of the Islamic Republic - e.g., its massive police and security apparatus, its spider web of corrupt individuals benefitting from the system, and its relatively small but existing lay supporters,” she said. Who is Reza Pahlavi, the son of Iran’s ousted Shah? 02:32 ADVERTISEMENT 6 hr 41 min ago Turkey is in discussions with US, Iran to push for talks, but it may be “too late,” source says From CNN’s Gul Tuysuz Turkey is in touch with both Iranian and American officials about returning to the negotiating table, a regional diplomatic source told CNN on Wednesday, but warned that it may be “too late.” “Currently, there is talk about negotiating. The pace of talks is slow, (and) at this speed might end up being too late,” the source said. 6 hr 54 min ago Iranian authorities are allegedly charging some people to retrieve bodies of loved ones killed in protests From CNN's Issy Ronald Protesters block a road on in Tehran, Iran, on January 8. Protesters block a road on in Tehran, Iran, on January 8. Getty Images Iranian authorities are allegedly charging some families to retrieve the bodies of loved ones killed in the mass anti-regime protests and resulting crackdown, two Iranians told CNN. After Robina Aminian, a 23-year-old fashion design student, was killed by gunfire at one such protest, her family went to Tehran to find her body, her uncle Nezar Minouei told CNN. “Her mother, screaming, crying and yelling, and with a lot of difficulty, finally was able to get access to the area where the bodies were kept so she could begin looking for her daughter’s body,” Minouei said. “She found her daughter’s body and essentially had to steal it.” When the family returned to their hometown of Kermanshah, “they heard that the authorities were at their home looking… to make them pay for it.” They buried Aminian in an unmarked grave by hand without any ceremony “out of fear that the government would take the body back.” Another Iranian, who visited a cemetery in Tehran and wished to remain anonymous for security concerns, shared similar testimony, saying the authorities ”are forcing people to pay to retrieve their bodies from the hospitals and morgues.” “In some cases, they haven’t been allowing people to even retrieve the bodies,” they added. This is not a new tactic for the regime. Similar reports emerged following a previous wave of protests that swept the country in 2019, and were referenced by Reuters, the US State Department and pro-reform news outlet IranWire at the time. The charge depended on the number of bullets lodged in the body, the State Department said. “The hospitals are totally full, and the government is searching logs and cameras for protestors who have been killed or hurt,” the Iranian who visited the cemetery said. “It was so busy. People couldn’t even bury their loved ones.” ADVERTISEMENT 5 hr 59 min ago Some American personnel told to evacuate military base in Qatar, US official says From CNN’s Jeremy Diamond U.S. Air Force Airmen inspect a KC-135 Stratotanker during pre-flight checks at Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar, on June 26, 2023. U.S. Air Force Airmen inspect a KC-135 Stratotanker during pre-flight checks at Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar, on June 26, 2023. Senior Airman Jacob Cabanero/US Air Force/File Some personnel at the US’ largest military base in the Middle East have been urged to leave, a US official told CNN on Wednesday, as the Trump administration considers taking military action against Iran. The official described the directive to some personnel to leave Al-Udeid Air Base in Qatar as a “precaution” given current tensions in the region. The base was targeted by Iran in June after the US struck Iran’s nuclear facilities. Now, as US President Donald Trump mulls potential strikes on Iran, the base — which is home to around 10,000 American troops — could become a target once again. The US took steps to evacuate the base in June during the Israel-Iran war, before the it struck Iran’s nuclear facilities. 7 hr 31 min ago Catch up on the latest from Iran as authorities discuss punishment for protesters From CNN's Catherine Nicholls At least 2,403 protesters have been killed in Iran since the anti-government demonstrations began in the country more than two weeks ago, according to the US-based rights group Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA). With more than 18,000 protesters arrested, authorities are beginning to speak out about the punishments they might suffer. If you’re just joining us, here are some key developments from the ground today: A 26-year-old protester may be executed today for his participation in the protests, according to a relative and the US State Department. Erfan Soltani was not allowed a lawyer or retrial after being sentenced to death in a rushed trial, his family member told CNN. The head of Iran’s judiciary has said that protesters charged with violence or “terrorist” activities will be given “priority for trial and punishment,” according to state media. Authorities have accused many protesters of being “rioters and terrorists,” claiming that some of those demonstrating were part of foreign attempts to cause chaos in the county. Anyone who was arrested for taking part in protests from January 8 onwards is guilty of taking part in “an internal war,” Iran’s Minister of Justice Amir Hossein Rahimi said today. Notably, January 8 was the day Iran’s exiled Crown Prince Reza Pahlavi urged Iranians to “take to the streets and, as a united front, shout your demands.” January 8 - last Thursday - was also the day authorities first cut internet access and telephone lines across the country. This communications blackout is now in its sixth day. Even SpaceX’s Starlink satellite internet terminals, used by Iranians to circumvent the restrictions, were jammed using what experts describe as military-grade technology. CNN’s Isobel Yeung, Augusta Anthony, Helen Regan, Mostafa Salem and Lauren Kent contributed to this reporting. ADVERTISEMENT 7 hr 49 min ago CNN obtains exclusive testimony from a doctor inside Iran From CNN's Zahid Mahmood and Jomana Karadsheh As Iran goes well into a sixth day under an internet blackout, the government’s crackdown on protesters has been largely undocumented, as authorities move to crush dissent. But rare harrowing footage has has emerged of Iranians screaming in anguish as they gather beside body bags in a makeshift morgue. CNN and pro-reform activist outlet IranWire have obtained exclusive testimony from a doctor inside Iran, offering a rare firsthand account of what he has been witnessing during the unrest. Watch the full report below ‘So much fear’: Doctor shares account of Iran crackdown in CNN exclusive | CNN 04:18 8 hr 12 min ago Gulf Arab nations in diplomatic push to prevent military escalation in Iran From CNN's Mostafa Salem US President Donald Trump speaks to the press upon returning to Joint Base Andrews in Maryland on Tuesday. US President Donald Trump speaks to the press upon returning to Joint Base Andrews in Maryland on Tuesday. Mandel Ngan/AFP/Getty Images Three US-allied Gulf Arab nations have launched behind-the-scenes diplomatic efforts to prevent military action on Iran amid threats of strikes by US President Donald Trump. Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Oman are concerned that military action against Iran could have wide-ranging consequences for the Middle East, a regional official with knowledge of the matter told CNN. “Any military escalation will have consequences for the wider region, including its security and economy,” the official said. Trump has warned Iran against killing protesters, saying the US would take “strong action.” He has also encouraged protesters to keep demonstrating, saying “help is on its way.” Some Arab governments have also warned that an attack “could have the opposite effect” for ongoing protests, and “unite Iranians on both sides behind the regime,” the official said. CNN has reached out to the governments of Saudi Arabia, Oman and Qatar for comment. Senior Iranian officials have warned that any military attack by the US on Iran would trigger reprisals targeting American interests across the region. Several Gulf Arab countries host US military bases and personnel, facilities that Iran has previously threatened or targeted. ADVERTISEMENT 8 hr 11 min ago Pakistani students and workers returning from Iran in droves amid brutal crackdown From Asim Khan, Sophia Saifi and Lauren Kent More than 300 Pakistanis have returned from Iran in the last couple of days as the Iranian regime’s brutal crackdown on dissent continues, according to local officials. Officials said the number of returnees, which includes students, workers, religious pilgrims and tourists, is rising steadily as more Pakistanis opt to return home. The deputy commissioner of the southwestern city of Gwadar, Naqeebullah Kakar, said that more than 125 students are among the hundreds of Pakistanis who have returned so far through the border crossings at Gwadar and Chagai, which neighbor Iran. Fifty-one male and female students returned on Tuesday. Returnees also included families and children, Kakar said. He added that the Pakistani embassy in Iran and the foreign ministry have activated special measures to ensure the safe return of citizens, and the district administration has made special arrangements to facilitate the returnees and support their onward travel. Pakistan’s foreign ministry said Tuesday that it set up “a monitoring and coordination cell to track any developments in Iran,” which is primarily aimed at helping Pakistani people get back home. 8 hr 37 min ago Hundreds rally in Sydney, Australia in support of Iran protests From CNN's Zahid Mahmood Hundreds demonstrate in Sydney in support of Iran protesters 00:49 Hundreds of protesters rallied in Sydney’s Town Hall in Australia on Wednesday to show support for Iranians facing a brutal government crackdown. Waving Iran’s green, red and white tricolor – emblazoned with the lion-and-sun symbol used before the 1979 Islamic Revolution – demonstrators held placards reading “Iranians deserve freedom.” Protesters were also heard chanting “Down with Khamenei,” referring to Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. Iranians abroad fear for their families safety back home who are under heavy surveillance. One Australian protester, Mehdi, told the Reuters news agency he had been “cowering for a while” to protect his family, but felt it was now time to speak out. “I’m here for the boys and girls in Iran to hear that us, the seniors, that started this movement, we support them,” he said. “My biggest regret is not being there in the streets to support them.” “My biggest regret is not being there in the streets,” says Sydney protester backing Iranians 00:22 While US President Donald Trump has not made a final decision on possible intervention in Iran, he has repeatedly expressed support for the protest movement and at times suggested the idea of regime change in the country. That has raised hopes among some Iranians and members of the diaspora. Another Sydney protester, Sam Abassi, called for foreign intervention. “Have the US intervene,” Abassi told Reuters. “We’re really looking for Donald Trump and his crew to come in and stand behind the people because we’ve got nothing there.” ADVERTISEMENT 8 hr 24 min ago The reported death toll from the Iran protests has increased rapidly in recent days From CNN's Catherine Nicholls This frame grab from video taken between January 9 and January 11 purportedly shows images from a morgue in Kahrizak, Tehran Province. This frame grab from video taken between January 9 and January 11 purportedly shows images from a morgue in Kahrizak, Tehran Province. AP The amount of protesters reported to have died in the demonstrations across Iran has soared in the last two days, according to a tally by the US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA). On Monday, the number of protesters killed in just over two weeks of demonstrations passed 500, according to HRANA. Yesterday, that figure soared to 1850, then jumped to more than 2,400 a few hours later. Compared to other periods of unrest, this is the highest death toll in the country during protests in decades. HRANA has told CNN that its figures are based only on cases it has been able to identify and verify. But with Iran largely offline because of a state-imposed communications blackout, the actual toll could be even higher. CNN is unable to independently verify HRANA’s casualty numbers or arrest figures. Iran has yet to take responsibility or admit that it has killed protesters, instead claiming that protesters were killed by “rioters” employed by Israel and the United States. CNN’s Billy Stockwell, Max Saltman, Zahid Mahmood and Mostafa Salem contributed to this reporting. 7 hr 32 min ago Regime holds funeral procession for 100 security forces and civilians killed in protests From CNN's Nadeen Ebrahim People attend the funeral of the security forces who were killed in the recent protests, in Tehran, Iran, on Wednesday. People attend the funeral of the security forces who were killed in the recent protests, in Tehran, Iran, on Wednesday. Majid Asgaripour/Wana News Agency/Reuters A regime-led funeral procession has begun in Tehran, state-affiliated media outlets reported Wednesday, to mourn the nearly 100 security forces and civilians the government says were killed in recent protests. The ceremony is meant to honor “the martyrs of the terrorist war by American mercenaries and the Zionist regime,” Fars News Agency reported. Images showed crowds gathered outside the University of Tehran, dressed in black and waving Iranian and Palestinian flags. Coffins bearing photographs of the dead – including children – were on display. Some mourners held up pictures of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, late Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khomeini, and Qasem Soleimani, a top Iranian general killed in a US airstrike in 2020. Iranian media has reported that more than 100 members of Iran’s security forces were killed in the protests. On Tuesday, Tasnim news agency reported that “the number of martyrs is significant,” and that “about 100” of those identified as “martyrs” are scheduled to be buried Wednesday. More than 2,400 protesters have been killed and at least 18,000 people have been arrested since Iran launched a brutal crackdown to crush dissent last month, according to the US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA). ADVERTISEMENT 9 hr 36 min ago "Extremely heavy and tense atmosphere" in Tehran, resident tells CNN From CNN's Issy Ronald Iranians drive past a billboard reading 'Iran is our Homeland' at Enqelab Square in Tehran, Iran, on Tuesday. Iranians drive past a billboard reading 'Iran is our Homeland' at Enqelab Square in Tehran, Iran, on Tuesday. Abedin Taherken/EPA/Shutterstock The atmosphere in Tehran is “extremely heavy and tense” after a deadly crackdown on nationwide protests, a Tehran resident told CNN. “Everyone knows a massive massacre has taken place, creating an extremely heavy and tense atmosphere,” said the 47-year-old man, who asked to remain anonymous due to security fears. “People are traumatized and even find it difficult to speak about what happened.” The past two days have been “quiet,” the man said, with travel between neighborhoods banned after 8 pm and a “semi-military situation in effect,” though people were still gathering “within their own areas.” “Police usually tolerate chants and gatherings, but the moment they sense movement or escalation, they respond violently,” he said. “My friend witnessed live gunfire at close range.” He said there was only partial connection to the internet, with access “limited to one or two state-approved applications related to schools, universities, and banks” and most people completely cut off. A state-imposed internet blackout has made piecing together the death toll from the crackdown on the anti-government demonstrations difficult. At least 2,403 protestors have been killed since the unrest began in December, according to the US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA), but the confirmed toll could rise as more information emerges. “Because of this blackout, most people inside Iran have not seen the Kahrizak videos or other recent footage,” the man said, referencing videos showing rows of body bags in a makeshift morgue. “News is spreading slowly, mostly by word of mouth.” “Politically, most people are not aligned with any group or figure. Survival comes first: fear for their lives, then the struggle for basic livelihood.” 10 hr 5 min ago Internet likely to remain disconnected for "next one to two weeks," state-affiliated news agency says From CNN's Issy Ronald and Aida Karimi The internet in Iran is likely to remain disconnected for the “next one to two weeks,” according to the Iranian state-affiliated Fars News Agency. As we’ve reported, Iran is in the sixth day of a nationwide internet blackout, imposed by the regime as it cracked down on mass anti-government protests, though some though some landline and mobile phone users were able to call abroad on Tuesday for the first time. The blackout has made it all but impossible to reach Iran from the outside world, making it difficult to understand the true toll of the crackdown. ADVERTISEMENT 10 hr 7 min ago Anyone on the streets from January 8 onwards is guilty of taking part in "internal war," Iran's Minister of Justice says From CNN's Mostafa Salem and Lauren Kent Iranians on the street during a protest in Tehran, Iran on January 9. Iranians on the street during a protest in Tehran, Iran on January 9. MAHSA/Middle East Images/AFP/Getty Images Iran’s Minister of Justice Amir Hossein Rahimi has said anyone who was arrested on the streets from January 8 onwards is guilty of taking part in “an internal war.” In an interview with Iran’s semi-official Mehr News Agency, Rahimi distinguished between the current protests and those before Thursday, January 8, which he said the government considers legitimate protests over economic grievances. However, he argued that from January 8 onwards, “this wasn’t just protests, but this was an internal war. Anyone who has been arrested in that time frame is guilty because they were at the scene.” Rahimi added that the penalties and punishments protestors receive will vary based on their “crimes” and the activities in which they participated. For context: Rahimi’s comments come after the head of Iran’s judiciary warned that protesters charged with violence or “terrorist” activities will be given “priority for trial and punishment,” raising concerns for the thousands of people reported to have been arrested during mass anti-government demonstrations. At least 18,434 people have been arrested since all protests began, according to the US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA). 10 hr 38 min ago Blackout in Iran enters its sixth day From CNN's Mostafa Salem Iran’s brutal crackdown on protesters has largely been conducted under the cover of a state-imposed communications blackout, which started last Thursday. In the days afterward, Iran became nearly impossible to reach from the outside world. Even SpaceX’s Starlink satellite internet terminals, used by Iranians to circumvent the restrictions, were jammed using what experts describe as military-grade technology. ADVERTISEMENT 11 hr 25 min ago Protesters to be given priority "for trial and punishment," head of Iran’s judiciary says From Aida Karimi and CNN’s Helen Regan Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje’i (center), head of Iran's judiciary, stands during the sixth anniversary of Qassem Soleimani's killing at Tehran's Musalla, on January 1. Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje’i (center), head of Iran's judiciary, stands during the sixth anniversary of Qassem Soleimani's killing at Tehran's Musalla, on January 1. Sobhan Farajvan/Pacific Press/Sipa USA/Alamy Protesters in Iran charged with violence or “terrorist” activities will be given “priority for trial and punishment,” the head of the country’s judiciary said, according to state media. His comments raise concerns for the thousands of people reported to have been arrested during mass anti-government demonstrations. “Anyone who has attacked people, security forces, or facilities and buildings while armed or equipped with explosive or incendiary materials, and has committed terrorist acts, must certainly be given priority for trial and punishment,” Chief Justice Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje’i said, according to the Iranian state-affiliated Fars News Agency, adding that those cases will be handled “as quickly as possible.” Mohseni-Eje’i had spent five hours at a Tehran prison reviewing the status and case files of those recently detained, state-run Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) reported Wednesday. He added that the trials of what he called “the main elements” among protesters will be held publicly. Mohseni-Eje’i has been sanctioned by the United States and European Union for human rights violations against the Iranian people, including overseeing the detention and torture of activists, journalists and protesters. More than 18,137 people have been arrested since the start of the current protests, according to the US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA). Concerns are mounting for 26-year-old Iranian protester Erfan Soltani, after the US State Department said Iranian authorities were planning on executing him today. Soltani was not allowed a lawyer or a retrial after being sentenced to death, and his trial was rushed, according to a family member. Rushed death sentences and sham trials are a common occurrence in Iran, experts have told CNN. 11 hr 5 min ago Grandson of Iran's late supreme leader says Iranians would suffer if the regime fell From CNN’s Helen Regan and Banafsheh Keynoush Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's grandson, Hassan Khomeini, speaks during the 36th anniversary of the death of the leader of Iran's 1979 Islamic Revolution in Tehran, Iran, on June 4, 2025. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini's grandson, Hassan Khomeini, speaks during the 36th anniversary of the death of the leader of Iran's 1979 Islamic Revolution in Tehran, Iran, on June 4, 2025. Office of the Iranian Supreme Leader/Wana News Agency/Reuters Hassan Khomeini, the grandson of the founder of Iran’s Islamic republic, has said that if the country’s theocratic regime were to fall, Iranians would suffer. “The day after the Islamic Republic, there is no security, freedom, or welfare in the country,” Khomeini said in an interview with Iran state media IRIB broadcast Tuesday. Khomeini is the grandson of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who oversaw the 1979 revolution and the overthrow of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, a Western-installed monarch, paving the way for clerical rule. He claimed an ISIS-like “terrorism” was driving the unrest, saying “the events of Thursday evening and onward had nothing to do with protests.” “We witnessed a (level of) violence that doesn’t sit with Iranian sensibilities,” he said, according to state media. “It was an ISIS style violence. It seems to me behind the curtain, a big part of it is an ISIS trend that came in from neighboring countries.” Violence in the protests, which exploded last month over widespread economic grievances, ramped up Thursday night after authorities cut internet access and launched a brutal crackdown on protesters, whom they have called “rioters and terrorists.” On US President Donald Trump – who has said his administration is monitoring the deadly protests in Iran and is continuing to weigh potential military options – Hassan Khomeini said, “Trump closes his own eyes on the issue of human rights.” Future leaders? Iran’s current Supreme Leader is Ayatollah Ali Khamenei who has been in power since 1989 following the death of his predecessor Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. It remains unclear whether Iran’s establishment has any future successors but analysts cite potential candidates like Mojtaba Khamenei, the son of the current leader, as well as Hassan Khomeini. Both are themselves clerics. 12 hr 29 min ago Iranian protester Erfan Soltani may be executed today From CNN’s Isobel Yeung, Augusta Anthony and Catherine Nicholls Iranian protester Erfan Soltani faces execution 02:23 A 26-year-old Iranian protester detained on Thursday may be executed today, according to a family member and the US State Department. Erfan Soltani was not allowed a lawyer or retrial after being sentenced to death in a rushed trial, said Somayeh, a family member who did not want her full name published due to security concerns. Rushed death sentences and sham trials are a common occurrence in Iran, experts have told CNN. US President Donald Trump warned Iran against executing protesters, saying yesterday that the US would take “strong action.” Somayeh called on Trump, who has encouraged those demonstrating across Iran, to come to the aid of protesters. “Our demand now is that Trump truly stand behind the words he said, because the Iranian people came to the streets based on those statements,” Somayeh said. “An unarmed population trusted these words and is now under gunfire. I beg you, please do not let Erfan be executed.” 10 hr 28 min ago A protester may be executed today as the death toll from Iran's brutal crackdown soars. Catch up here From CNN's Deva Lee We’re back with coverage of the latest from Iran. Erfan Soltani, a 26-year-old Iranian protester detained less than a week ago, may be executed today, a move that would draw further global outrage in response to the government’s deadly crackdown on dissent. President Donald Trump has warned Iran against executing protesters, saying the US would take “strong action.” He has also encouraged protesters to keep demonstrating, saying “help is on its way.” At least 2,403 protesters have been killed in Iran since anti-government demonstrations began, according to a US-based rights group. The toll is much higher than that recorded in previous protests in the country. Iran has deployed new techniques to crush nationwide protests, signaling a tactical shift by the regime. Here are the latest developments: An Iranian doctor has given a rare account of the chaos in both hospitals and on the streets following the crackdown, sharing how he treated scores of patients with bullet and pellet wounds over multiple days. Experts appointed by the United Nations Human Rights Council urged Iran to refrain from using lethal force against demonstrators, following what it describes as “clear violations” of human rights law. Tehran’s ambassador to the UN has accused Trump of violating international law by urging Iranians to “keep protesting”, saying the US president “explicitly encourages political destabilization, incites and invites violence, and threatens the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.” Iranian national security chief Ali Larijani has called Trump one of the “main killers of the people of Iran.” Iran is entering its sixth day without internet, with the crackdown largely carried out under a state-imposed communications blackout. SpaceX is now providing free internet access via its Starlink satellite service to users in Iran — though authorities are using tactics to jam or degrade Starlink signals, according to experts. While some people have been able to make calls out of Iran, not everyone is able to get in touch with their loved ones. At least four European nations have summoned Iranian ambassadors and are condemning Tehran’s violent clampdown on protesters. CNN’s Monica Haider, Mohammed Tawfeeq, Kevin Liptak, Max Saltman, Nechirvan Mando, Isobel Yeung, Catherine Nicholls, Jomana Karadsheh and Florence Davey-Attlee contributed reporting.
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