President Trump and Chinese leader Xi Jinping met in Busan, South Korea, in October. President Trump and Chinese leader Xi Jinping met in Busan, South Korea, in October. © Yonhap News/Zuma Press In an unusual diplomatic move, China’s leader Xi Jinping initiated a phone call with President Trump on Monday to discuss Taiwan, a flashpoint that has surged to the forefront in recent days as Japan takes a more assertive stance on the island’s autonomy. While Taiwan was Xi’s focus, Trump steered the conversation to Ukraine, said people familiar with the matter, as Washington-Kyiv peace talks appear to make progress and Trump tries to decisively end Russia’s war in Ukraine. How Savvy Investors Pay for Healthcare in Retirement Ad How Savvy Investors Pay for Healthcare in Retirement Fisher Investments call to action icon more The two issues—Taiwan and Ukraine—are both sensitive for U.S.-China relations, but they are rarely linked in discussions between the two leaders. Xi made the outreach, people close to Beijing said, turning the high-level communication into a rare diplomatic overture from China. During his call with Trump, Xi said, “Taiwan’s return to China is an important component of the post-war international order,” according to an official account of the conversation by China’s state media. In a pointed historical parallel, Xi also asserted that since China and the U.S. “fought side-by-side against fascism and militarism” during World War II, they should now work together to safeguard those achievements. The statement indicates that China is grounding its claim over Taiwan in historical treaties, rather than just its own narrative. For his part, Trump affirmed that the U.S. “understands the importance of the Taiwan issue to China,” Chinese media said. Related video: President Trump comments on Ukraine peace talks (KYTX-TV Tyler-Longview) While President Trump has not publicly commented on the negotiations,Video Player is loading. KYTX-TV Tyler-Longview President Trump comments on Ukraine peace talks 0 View on Watch View on Watch In a social-media post Monday, Trump didn’t mention Taiwan nor the diplomatic crisis between Beijing and Tokyo—an omission that likely will rattle U.S. allies in the region already concerned about wavering American commitment. Trump said he and Xi discussed the war in Ukraine, fentanyl and soybeans, among other things. Trump said he had accepted Xi’s invitation to visit Beijing in April, adding that Xi would visit the U.S. later next year. “Our relationship with China is extremely strong!” Trump wrote. Xi initiated the call as tensions accelerate between Beijing and Tokyo over Taiwan. Beijing places strategic value on ensuring that Washington—Tokyo’s treaty ally—remains committed to its “One China” position, which asserts its claim that there is but one China. Beijing views Taiwan as a territory that must be “unified” with the mainland, by force if necessary. Men Can’t Get Enough of This Cozy Polo Shirt Ad Men Can’t Get Enough of This Cozy Polo Shirt Bestbestones call to action icon more The recent tension was sparked by Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi’s Nov. 7 warning that a Chinese seizure of Taiwan would trigger Japan’s involvement in any conflict. The remarks sparked an angry diplomatic response from Beijing, including a formal letter to the United Nations, accusing Japan of threatening “an armed intervention.” Also drawing Beijing’s fury was a State Department post on X reaffirming its unwavering commitment to the U.S.-Japan alliance and firmly opposing any unilateral attempts to change the status quo in the Taiwan Strait. Xi sees a strategic opening to influence Trump’s thinking on Taiwan, the people close to Beijing said. The businessman-turned-president, unlike his predecessor Joe Biden, has avoided explicitly stating whether the U.S. would intervene militarily if China were to invade Taiwan. Trump has said public commitments would weaken his negotiating position with Xi, who Trump said promised not to invade during his term. Beijing hasn’t acknowledged such a promise. Yet recent moves, including the Trump administration’s delay in military aid, have fueled anxiety in Taipei that American support is being sacrificed for an economic deal with China. Most businesses don’t know they owe sales tax… until it’s too late. Ad Most businesses don’t know they owe sales tax… until it’s too late. Sales and Use Tax Consulting call to action icon more “It is highly unusual for Xi to initiate a call, and it underscores the opportunity Xi believes he has to shape President Trump’s views,” said Evan Medeiros, a former senior national-security official in the Obama administration and now a professor at Georgetown University. “Taiwan policy is almost certainly at the center of Xi’s thinking, pulling the U.S. closer to China’s thinking about Taiwan’s future.” The discussion of Taiwan in the phone call is also notable given its rare omission from the two leaders’ in-person meeting in South Korea last month. Xi was reluctant to discuss such a sensitive issue in a third country, according to people close to Beijing, and the leaders already had various pressing issues to discuss for 90 minutes. Instead, Xi decided that he would raise the Taiwan issue directly with Trump in Beijing in April, the people said. The Chinese leader wants his American counterpart on his home turf for several days, the people said, so he can press Trump on the need to move beyond the U.S.’s longstanding policy of strategic ambiguity and formally state that the U.S. “opposes” Taiwan’s independence and supports “peaceful reunification.” Beijing hopes that such changes in U.S. policy would isolate Taiwan. The only instance in recent decades when a Chinese leader initiated contact with an American president was on Sept. 11, 2001, when then-President Jiang Zemin sent a telegram of condolence to then-President George W. Bush after the terrorist attacks in the U.S. The two spoke the next day—but even then, according to China’s official account, the U.S. president had requested the call. While China said that Monday’s call focused on Taiwan, Trump brought up Ukraine, the people familiar with the matter said. Chinese state media said Xi emphasized that “China supports all efforts committed to peace.” China has provided crucial diplomatic and economic support for Russia since its 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Now, as Trump pushes to end the war, Beijing is seeking to play a more visible and active role in a peace deal. Yun Sun, director of the China program at the Stimson Center, a Washington think tank, said, “China is watching the Ukraine peace deal and feels the need to be more involved.” Write to Lingling Wei at Lingling.Wei@wsj.com

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